Use of CFD-DEM to evaluate the effect of intermediate stress ratio on the undrained behaviour of granular materials

This study investigates the effect of intermediate stress ratio (b) on the mechanical behaviour of granular soil in true triaxial tests. A CFD-DEM solver with the ability to model compressible fluid and moving mesh has been developed and calibrated based on existing experimental test results on Nevada sand. The effect of b on the undrained true triaxial test, which has been neglected in the literature, was investigated using a reasonable number of models. The effects of the initial confining stress and initial void ratio also have been studied. The developed model was used to calculate the hydrodynamic forces on the particles and evaluate the ratio of the particle–fluid interaction force to the resultant force on the particles. It has been demonstrated that, in numerical studies, the effect of these forces cannot be neglected.     

Hydrogen mixing augmentation mechanism induced by the vortex generator and oblique shock wave in a scramjet engine

The mixing process between the fuel and the incoming air is extremely important for the engineering implementation of the scramjet engine. In the current study, the vortex generator coupled with the oblique shock wave is utilized to promote the hydrogen mixing process in a supersonic crossflow. The configurations of the vortex generator are put into investigation, namely typical ramp, split ramp and ramp vane. Some parameters are provided to evaluate the flow field properties quantitatively. The obtained results predicted by the three-dimensional Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations show that the method of shock wave/jet shear layer interaction coupled with the vortex generator can effectively improve the mixing efficiency. Different vortex generator structures all have great effect, especially for Case SR (split ramp), with the mixing efficiency raised by 36.27%. The streamwise vorticity plays an important role in the mixing process.     

Experimental investigation of the effects of contraction on tsunami-induced forces and pressures on a box section bridge

Many bridges that lie within possible tsunami inundation zones are critical links in transport networks. Some efforts have been made to determine the effects of tsunamis on bridges, but only a limited range of published design guidelines are available. Therefore, it is necessary to further investigate the effects of tsunamis on bridges. In the current study, physical modeling experiments were carried out to measure bore impact forces and pressures for various tsunami bore strengths on a bridge deck with different abutment types (wing wall and spill-through) and different opening and submergence ratios. The experiments were conducted in a wave flume with dimensions of 14 × 1.2 × 0.8 m (length × width × height), equipped with an automatic gate designed to generate a tsunami bore. The horizontal and vertical forces showed an increasing trend with increasing submergence ratio for both types of abutment. However, the horizontal force showed a decreasing trend as the opening ratio decreased, while the vertical force initially increased as the opening ratio decreased, until it reached a peak value, and then it started to decrease. The overall shapes of the results for both types of abutment are similar, with higher values for spill-through abutments due to their lower energy dissipation rates. Based on the experimental data, empirical equations are proposed for estimation of tsunami loads as a function of opening and submergence ratios.     

15层全剪力墙结构居民楼定向爆破拆除

介绍了复杂环境下15层居民楼的定向爆破拆除案例,根据工程特点及周围环境制定了向西南方向倒塌的爆破方案。对1层⁵层非承重墙、楼梯进行局部预拆除;采用重心移出的方法计算爆破高度;计算了楼房的质量,用来确定预留墙体的面积;采用多重闭合电-非电复式起爆网路。通过合理的方案设计和参数选取,取得了良好的爆破效果,塌落振动未对周围建筑产生影响,可为类似工程提供参考。     

Predicting shear strength of slender beams without reinforcement using hybrid gradient boosting trees and optimization algorithms

Shear failure of slender reinforced concrete beams without stirrups has surely been a complicated occurrence that has proven challenging to adequately understand. The primary purpose of this work is to develop machine learning models capable of reliably predicting the shear strength of non-shear-reinforced slender beams (SB). A database encompassing 1118 experimental findings from the relevant literature was compiled, containing eight distinct factors. Gradient Boosting (GB) technique was developed and evaluated in combination with three different optimization algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Random Annealing Optimization (RA), and Simulated Annealing Optimization (SA). The findings suggested that GB-SA could deliver strong prediction results and effectively generalizes the connection between the input and output variables. Shap values and two-dimensional PDP analysis were then carried out. Engineers may use the findings in this work to define beam's geometrical components and material used to achieve the desired shear strength of SB without reinforcement.     

K0固结条件对上海软土强度和变形影响的试验研究

本文通过对上海淤泥质粉质粘土和淤泥质粘土,在K_0固结条件下的常规三轴和真三轴排水剪切试验,探讨了K_0固结状态对上海软土强度和变形性能的影响规律,并与各向等压固结三轴排水剪切试验的情况进行了比较和分析。     

用潜孔钻处理岩墙根底的实践

本文介绍了永平铜矿露采深孔台阶爆破后出现岩墙、根底的产生原因、处理方法和在实际处理过程中所要注意的问题。     

SP预应力空心板在钢结构厂房围护结构中的应用研究

对SP预应力空心板用作围护结构墙板进行了研究,参照国家建筑标准图集《SP预应力空心板》(99ZG408)的板型并结合生产工艺流程,对SP板的结构性能及配筋形式进行了分析计算和调整,使其在不同于楼板的受力情况下能满足使用要求。这样,不仅拓宽了SP板对于大型钢结构厂房的应用范围,同时也为钢结构厂房围护墙体的设计提供了新的思路。     

On Hydrogeomechanical Causes of Accident in the Subway of Saint Petersburg

A scheme is developed for the deformation of tunnels in the Lesnaya - Muzhestvo Square station-to-station block of Saint Petersburg subway during incipience of accident in 1995. It is shown that the main cause of the repeated accident in the washout section was the rise of level of submorainic water-bearing horizon waters. The tunnels supporting soil massif reinforced by freezing column pipes were subjected to additional bending load, which resulted in cracks appearing in the tunnel lining.     

减力板式挡土墙的受力分析及应用

减力板式挡土墙结构设计的一次飞跃，论文阐述了其受力特点，结合实际工程论证了其优越性和可推广价值。